![]() The medial and the lateral meniscus are thin C-shaped layers of fibrocartilage, incompletely covering the surface of the tibia where it articulates with the femur. This helps in optimizing the force during straightening the leg at the knee joint. The patella acts as a fulcrum for the quadriceps by holding the quadriceps tendon off the lower end of the femur. ![]() The patella (kneecap), attached to the quadriceps tendon above and the patellar ligament below, rests against the anterior articular surface of the lower end of the femur and protects the knee joint. The articulation of the tibia and fibula also allows a slight degree of movement, providing an element of flexibility in response to the actions of muscles attaching to the fibula. The fibula, although not a weight bearing bone, provides attachment sites for the Lateral collateral ligaments (LCL) and the biceps femoris tendon along with tendons that go into the foot. ![]() The menisci act as shock absorbers, protecting the articular surface of the tibia as well as assisting in rotation and gliding movement of the knee. The menisci incompletely cover the superior surface of the tibia where it articulates with the femur. The tibia (shinbone), the second largest bone in the body, is the weight bearing bone of the leg. The ACL and PCL ligaments are attached to the femur in the area between the 2 condyles inferiorly and posteriorly. The groove between the two acts as the surface on which the knee cap glides during the movement of the knee. Its smooth articular surface allows the femur to move easily over the tibial (shinbone) meniscus. The two femoral condyles make up for the rounded end of the femur. It articulates with the pelvis socket to make the hip joint superiorly and with the shin bone below to make the knee joint below. It provides attachment to most of the muscles of the knee including Quadriceps, which is the largest muscle of the body. It is the weight bearing bone of the thigh. Injury, infection, and degeneration to these parts can be painful and cause mobility problems, but corrective surgery, rehabilitation, and medication can help ease problematic symptoms.The femur (thighbone) is the largest and the strongest bone in the body. Surrounding the connection of the bones, various elements such as bursa (fluid-filled sacs), fat pads, and cartilage pads (strong, flexible tissue called menisci), protect the bones and keep the knee joint moving fluidly. ![]() Two of the ligaments between the femur and tibia, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), create a cross and provide stability to the joint. The ligaments’ ability to flex and bend allow for greater movement of the joint yet provide stability. Sometimes, due to numerous complications, the kneecap comes out of its groove and becomes dislocated, an injury known as patellar subluxation.įibrous bands called ligaments hold these bones together. As the knee bends, the patella slides along a groove in the femur. A tendon at the top of the patella and a ligament at the bottom hold the bone in place. Commonly referred to as the kneecap, this nearly heart-shaped bone at the center of the knee helps extend the knee and protect the joint from impact. The fourth bone of the knee is the patella.
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